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Sent to a friend EARTHQUAKESThe most destructive and common tsunamis are spawned by earthquakes. To deform the sea bottom and displace enough water to propel waves for a thousand miles or more, a quake has to be colossal, at least magnitude 7.5. Typically, a tsunami quake occurs at a thrust fault, where an ocean plate dives under a continental plate, dragging it down until the fault snaps, causing an earthquake that lifts the seafloor.
Where Next?
Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the coastline along the border of Peru and Chile are among the most "tsunamigenic" in the world.
VOLCANOES
A classic aboveground eruption is just one of the ways a volcano can disturb the ocean and generate a tsunami.. Waves can also be triggered by submarine events--eruptions, cascades of ash, or the collapse of a volcanic flank. The 1883 volcanic explosion of Krakatu and the collapse of its caldera stirred up 130 foot high waves and tragically killed some 36,000 people.
Where Next?
The submarine Loihi volcano southeast of the Big Island of Hawaii and the Izu volcanic arc off the east coast of Japan are being closely watched.
LANDSLIDES
The violent displacement of water from landslides, usually set off by earthquakes, and from rock and icefalls can create powerful local tsunamis. The highest recorded swept Lituya Bay, Alaska. In 1958, when a quake triggered rockfall threw up a 1,720 foot wave--267 feet higher than the empire state building.
Where Next?
Continental shelves where sediments collect and the unstable flanks of volcanoes are landslide prone. Scientists are keeping an eye on the west coast of the U.S. off Santa Barbara, California, and the east coast off southern Virginia and North Carolina.
ASTEROIDS
A Hollywood style, doomsday tsunami washing over New York City and pouring inland as far as the Appalachian Mountains could happen if an asteroid of three to four miles in diameter hurtled into the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. While no known asteroid or comet has hit earth during recorded history, 35 million years ago one blasted a 53 mile wide crater under what is now the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay. The resulting waves--possibly thousands of feet high--roared inland for hundreds of miles.
Where Next?
With luck, some other planet.
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Comments
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